The 2nd International Scientific Conference of the College of Industrial Management for Oil and Gas

Gulf Economy Magazine

*The Gulf Economist Journal* (GEJ) is a quarterly, peer-reviewed, open-access journal (publishing four issues per year). It aims to publish original research papers covering the latest developments and techniques across various fields related to the Gulf economy—including accounting, management, economics, finance and banking, statistics, and information systems. *The Gulf Economist Journal* is the official journal of the Iraqi Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research and is published by the Basra and Arabian Gulf Studies Center at the University of Basra, Iraq (https://bsgcenter.uobasrah.edu.iq/). Papers submitted to the GEJ must be written in either Arabic or English, and all submissions must be made via the online Open Journal Systems (OJS) platform. Research articles must be previously unpublished and not under consideration for publication elsewhere. *The Gulf Economist Journal* employs a standard double-blind peer-review process, meaning the identities of the authors and reviewers remain unknown to one another. *The Gulf Economist Journal* is an open-access journal that supports users' rights to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, provided they are properly cited. The journal is indexed at the National Library in Baghdad (Issue No. 715, 1986). It is also archived on the website of the Iraqi Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research / Department of Research and Development.